實驗室安全衛生及污染防治

個人防護措施

化學實驗室內有各種的有機物、化學藥品等對於在其中工作者而言，要比一般辦公室來得危險，因此，對於衛生安全須知，更須特利的注意。本章節特別注重個人的衛生安全習慣，訂有以下的法則，檢驗室的同仁應確實遵守，以保護工作同仁的身體安全，並維護檢驗室的設備。

檢驗室安全設備

1. 檢驗室基本上應採用耐火與耐酸知的材質設備。

2. 緊急洗眼及淋浴等安全沖洗設備。

3. 急救藥品箱及滅火器，並定期檢查更新。

4. 檢驗室應懸掛禁煙標誌。

5. 個人防護設備如實驗衣、安全眼鏡、口罩、手套等應充分準備。

檢驗室安全規定

1. 檢驗室內禁止吸煙及飲食，並嚴禁以檢驗室內之玻璃器皿當餐具使用。

2. 操作揮發性有機溶劑及危險化學藥品必須在排煙櫃中執行。

3. 操作高濃度腐蝕性、毒性物質等時，必須戴口罩及手套。

4. 電源使用不可過度集中超過負荷。

5. 於檢驗室中必須穿著實驗衣。

6. 搬重物時避免只用上半身力量，應蹲下將重物搬取。

7. 危險物品應儲存於安全容器中，高揮發性、易燃性或有毒化學藥品應置於低溫、通風良好的地方。

8. 辦公室內不得儲存化學藥品。所有化學藥品必須清楚地標示藥品名稱、濃度、配製日期、保存期限等。

9. 毒性的試劑，要特別小心處理，於稱量及使用時應注意避免沾上及吸入，如有散落應徹底清洗。

10. 不要直接聞未知氣體或液體，應遠離容器，以手振取一些來聞。

11. 檢驗中不要觸摸臉、嘴唇及咬鉛筆。

12. 不要穿過緊或過於寬鬆衣物，並卸掉圍巾及領帶，不要穿戴飾物。

13. 非工作需要，儘量少在檢驗室內。

14. 檢驗後以藥皂將手徹底洗淨。

15. 蓄長髮者，須將長髮上綁。

16. 檢驗過程中底注意下列可能發生之危險 :

• 稀釋時應將酸緩慢均勻倒入水中，儲存時遠離氧化劑及易揮發之溶劑，若不小心接觸到皮膚，先以大量水沖洗。過氯酸與有機樣品進行消化反應時，具爆炸性，須小心處理。強鹼亦具腐蝕性，避兔與黏膜及皮膚接觸。

• 金屬及無機化合物 : 此類藥品皆具危險性，處理應在排煙櫃中進行 ; 一些特殊化學品如砷、鎳具高毒性，應避免吸入及皮膚接觸，金屬氮化物具毒性，處理時應在化學煙櫃中進行。氰化物為劇毒，加酸會產生氰酸逸出， 應避兔吸入。 汞是一種揮發性金屬，即使打破一支溫度計，都可使室內超過其最大容許極限值，處理應謹慎小心，氫化鈉具腐蝕性與水混合會產生氫氣具爆作性。

• 有機溶劑 : 有機溶劑毒性較弱，但常會使人感覺倦怠，傷害中樞     神經及肝等。有些溶劑具揮發性或可燃性，應在化學煙櫃中處理，並儲放在通風良好之處，必要時冷藏於冰箱。

廢棄藥品及溶劑處理措施

系上定期回收處理:

1. 含Cr6+ 等高毒性之廢液(一般為酸洗液)

2. 含Hg2+ 之實驗廢液

3. 鹵烷、烯類等揮發性有機溶劑

4. 過期之有害類藥品

 

自行稀釋處理:

其他基本水質分析項目

​

Tip #1: Ask yourself, "What am I working with? What are the hazards?"

• Common hazards in the laboratory include: animal, biological, chemical, physical, and radiological. If there is an accident or emergency situation involving these hazards:

  • Seek immediate assistance. If you are splashed by any of these materials, use running water from an eyewash station or emergency shower for at least 15 minutes or until emergency assistance arrives and provides you with different instructions.

  • Report to your supervisor any accident, injury, or uncontrolled release of potentially hazardous materials - no matter how trivial the accident, injury, or release may appear.

Tip #2: Be prepared.

• Attend all required laboratory safety training prior to the start of your research assignment.

• Read all procedures and associated safety information prior to the start of an experiment.

• Perform only those experiments authorized by your supervisor.

• Follow all written and verbal instructions. Ask for assistance if you need guidance or help.

• Work under direct supervision at all times. Never work alone in the laboratory.

• Know the locations and operating procedures for all safety equipment. This includes the eyewash station and safety shower.

• Know the locations of the nearest fire alarms and at least two ways out of the building. Never use an elevator in emergencies.

• Be alert and proceed with caution at all times in the laboratory. Immediately notify the supervisor of any unsafe conditions.

• Know the proper emergency response procedures for accidents or injuries in the laboratory.

Tip #3: Prevent potential exposure.

• Conduct yourself in a responsible and professional manner at all times. No pranks. No practical jokes.

• Dress for work in the laboratory. Wear clothing and shoes that cover exposed skin and protect you from potential splashes. Tie back long hair, jewelry, or anything that may catch in equipment.

• Never eat food, drink beverages, chew gum, apply cosmetics (including lip balm), or handle contact lenses in the laboratory.

• Use a chemical fume hood or biosafety cabinet, as directed by your supervisor.

• Observe good housekeeping - keep aisles clear.

• Report damaged electrical equipment to the supervisor. Do not use damaged electrical equipment.

• Do not leave active experiments unattended. Never leave anything that is being heated or is visibly reacting unattended. 

Tip #4: Protect yourself, others, your research, and the environment.

• Practice good personal hygiene. Wash your hands after removing gloves, before leaving the laboratory, and after handling a potentially hazardous material.

• While working in the laboratory, wear personal protective equipment - eye protection, gloves, laboratory coat - as directed by your supervisor.

• Properly segregate and dispose of all laboratory waste.

 

(Source: http://www.ors.od.nih.gov/sr/dohs/BioSafety/Pages/student_goodlab.aspx)

The Checklists of Laboratory Safety

 

The Nano-sized Material Measurement Lab is committed to providing a safe working environment for its faculty, staff, students and visitors. The goal of the Nano-sized Material Measurement Lab 's Chemical Hygiene Program is to minimize the risk of injury or illness by ensuring that University Personnel have the training, information, support and equipment needed to work safely in the laboratory.

 

1. All personnel will wear the necessary personal protection equipment, including but not limited to

   1. Do you wear the lab coats?

   2. Do you wear the safety glasses?

   3. Do you wear the experimental gloves?

   4. Do you wear the pants/dresses that come below the knees and closed-toe shoes

   5. Be sure your emotion is cheery not impatient and dysphoric.

   If you didn’t do as above described, your behavior is dangerous and experiments are not allow.

1. All personnel will check the following stuff after finishing the experiments:

   1. All of used equipments have been cleaned up and put them back, yes or no?

   2. All of used chemicals have been put them back, yes or no?

   3. The used bench has been cleaned up, yes or no?

   If your answers are no, your behavior is dangerous and next time your experiments are not allow.

​

Please obey the notices described above in order to protect your health and safety!

請遵守上述注意事項，以確保自身健康及安全!